Massive Attack简介
Also known as Massive
Origin Bristol, England
Genres Trip hope lectronic
Years active 1988–present
Massive Attack are an English trip hop collective formed in 1988 in Bristol, England, by Robert "3D" Del Naja, Grant "Daddy G" Marshall, Adrian "Tricky" Thaws and Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles. The group currently consists of Del Naja and Marshall.
They released their debut album in 1991, Blue Lines, which has been included on numerous best-of lists and is generally considered the first album of the 'trip-hop' genre.[3] The single "Unfinished Sympathy" was a chart hit in Europe, including number one on the Dutch Top 40, and was later voted the 63rd-greatest song of all time in a poll by NME.[4] In 1994, they released their second album, Protection. Thaws left the band later that year to pursue a solo career. In 1998, they released their third album, Mezzanine, giving them their first number one on the UK Albums Chart. Mezzanine also contains the top-10 single "Teardrop", which earned further recognition as the opening theme of the American television series House.[5] In 1999, Vowles left the band, with Del Naja and Marshall continuing as a duo. They further released the albums 100th Window (2003) and Heligoland (2010).
Both Blue Lines and Mezzanine feature in Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[3][6] The group have collaborated with several recurring guest vocalists, including Horace Andy, Shara Nelson, Tracey Thorn, Elizabeth Fraser, Sinéad O'Connor, Damon Albarn and Hope Sandoval.
Massive Attack's awards include a Brit Award for Best British Dance Act, two MTV Europe Music Awards, and two Q Awards.[7][8] Their five studio albums have sold over 13 million copies worldwide.[9] Massive Attack are also known for supporting several political, human rights and environmental causes.
History
The Wild Bunch and "Any Love" (1980s–1990)DJs Daddy G and Mushroom, and rappers Tricky and 3D met as members of partying collective the Wild Bunch in the early 1980s. One of the first homegrown sound systems in the UK, the Wild Bunch became dominant on the Bristol club scene in the mid-1980s.[9]Massive Attack was created in 1988 as a spin-off quartet. Unsigned, the group (Mushroom, Daddy G, 3D and Tricky) put out "Any Love" as a single.[10] It was co-produced by Bristol double-act Smith & Mighty and featured the falsetto-voiced singer-songwriter Carlton McCarthy. In 1990, they committed to deliver six studio albums and a "best of" compilation to Circa Records. This record label became a subsidiary of, and was later subsumed into, Virgin Records, which in turn was acquired by EMI.[11][12][13]Blue Lines and "Unfinished Sympathy" (1991–1993)Main article: Blue LinesRobert Del Naja at Barcelona 20073D co-wrote Neneh Cherry's Manchild in 1989.[14] This working relationship continued with Cherry helping Massive Attack to record their first album Blue Lines. Cherry's partner Cameron McVey was an executive producer of the album and became the group's first manager.[15][16] Cherry and McVey provided financial support, via the Cherry Bear organisation, and the album was partly recorded in their house.[17] The band used guest vocalists, interspersed with their own sprechgesang stylings, on top of what became regarded as an essentially British creative sampling production; a trademark sound that fused hip hop, soul, reggae and other eclectic references, both musical and lyrical.[11] The album used vocalists including Horace Andy and Shara Nelson, a former Wild Bunch cohort.[18] MC Willie Wee, also once part of the Wild Bunch, featured. Neneh Cherry sang backing vocals on environmentalist anthem, "Hymn of the Big Wheel".[19] Co-production was also provided by Jonny Dollar.Blue Lines was released on 8 April 1991 on Virgin Records.[19] The album has been retrospectively considered the first of the "trip-hop" genre and received critical acclaim.That year they released "Unfinished Sympathy" as a single, a string-arranged track at Abbey Road studio, scored by Will Malone.[20] The group temporarily shortened their name to "Massive" on the advice of McVey to avoid controversy relating to the Gulf War.[21] They returned to being "Massive Attack" for their next single, "Safe from Harm".Protection and Melankolic (1994–1997)Main article: Protection (Massive Attack album)For their second album, the band brought in Everything but the Girl's Tracey Thorn[11] and Nicolette as vocalists and released "Protection" on 26 September 1994.With McVey out of the picture,[clarification needed] Massive Attack enlisted the production talents of former Wild Bunch Nellee Hooper to co-produce some songs on it, with Mushroom. Other tracks were co-produced by the Insects and 3D. A dub version, No Protection, was released the following year by Mad Professor. Protection won a Brit award for Best Dance Act.[22] The other collaborators on Protection were Marius de Vries and Craig Armstrong,[23] a Scottish classical pianist.Tricky decided to end his involvement with the band in 1995 in order to pursue a solo career.[11] The crediting of Tricky's contribution for Blue Lines was also a source of friction.[24] This was also the period of the release of Tricky's Maxinquaye and Portishead's Dummy. The term "trip hop" was coined and was referred to by the media as part of the "Bristol scene".[25][26]Massive Attack started a label in 1995 distributed by Virgin/EMI, Melankolic, and signed Craig Armstrong and a number of other artists such as Horace Andy, Lewis Parker, Alpha, Sunna, and Day One. The group espoused a non-interference philosophy that allowed the artists to make their albums in the way they wanted.[27]The same year, the Insects became unavailable for co-production and having parted ways with Nellee Hooper, the band were introduced to Neil Davidge,[28] a relatively unknown producer who had an association with anonymous dance-pop outfit DNA. The first track they worked on was "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game", a cover version sung by Tracey Thorn for the Batman Forever soundtrack. Initially, Davidge was brought in as engineer, but soon became producer.[29]The group increasingly fractured in the lead-up to the third album, Davidge having to co-produce the three producers' ideas separately. Mushroom was reported to be unhappy with the degree of the post-punk direction in which 3D, increasingly filling the production vacuum, was taking the band.[28]The group contributed to the film soundtrack of The Jackal in 1997, recording "Superpredators (Metal Postcard)", a song containing a sample of Siouxsie and the Banshees' "Mittageisen"[30] and "Dissolved Girl", a new song with vocals by Sarah Jay (that was later remixed for the next album), which was featured at the beginning of the 1999 film The Matrix, although it was not on the official soundtrack.Later that year, they released a single, "Risingson", from what would be their third album, Mezzanine.[31]Mezzanine, "Teardrop", Vowles's departure and Marshall's absence (1997–2001)Main article: Mezzanine (album)3D became the band's main producer in 1997 in the recording sessions that made Mezzanine, Massive Attack's most commercially successful album,[32] selling nearly four million copies. It featured Neil Davidge as a sound engineer and co-producer, and Horace Andy and Elizabeth Fraser as the main guest vocalists. During recording, Angelo Bruschini became their permanent lead guitarist both in a session capacity and live.[31]The lead single, after "Risingson", was "Teardrop", sung by Fraser of Cocteau Twins. The song was accompanied by a video directed by Walter Stern, of an animatronic singing fetus. Horace Andy sang on three songs, including "Angel". A track the band made for the film The Jackal, "Dissolved Girl", sung by Sarah Jay, was remixed for inclusion on the record.Mezzanine went on to win a Q Award for Best Album[33] as well as being nominated for a Mercury Prize.[34]Touring extensively, friction between Mushroom and the other band members came to a head. Mushroom was unhappy with the direction of the group and having to appear on tour. In 1999, Mushroom left the band.[35]Around this time, 3D, with Davidge decamped into Ridge Farm studio with friends and band members of Lupine Howl (made up of former members of the band Spiritualized, including Damon Reece, who went on to be Massive Attack's permanent session drummer and one of two live drummers) towards a fourth Massive Attack LP, taking things even further into a rock direction.[15] 2001 also saw the release of Eleven Promos, a DVD of Massive Attack's 11 music videos thus far, including "Angel", a £100,000+ promo.[36]Despite having taken 3D's side after Mushroom's departure and participating in a webcast as a duo in 2000, Daddy G took a personal break from the band in 2001.100th Window, Marshall's return and Collected (2002–2006)Main article: 100th WindowGrant Marshall at the Eurockéennes Festival 2008With Daddy G temporarily no longer involved in the studio, Davidge and 3D steered "LP4" on their own. Enlisting the vocals of Sinéad O'Connor and Horace Andy, 100th Window was mastered in August 2002 and released in February 2003.[37] Featuring no samples or cover versions, 100th Window was not as critically well received in Britain as the other records, although the album received a warmer reception internationally, scoring a 75 out of 100 on review aggregation site Metacritic.[38] The group collaborated with Mos Def on the track "I Against I", which appeared on the "Special Cases" single and the soundtrack for Blade II. "I Against I" is also notable as the only track from the 100th Window sessions that features a writing credit from Daddy G. 100th Window sold over one million copies and was toured extensively (including Queen Square, Bristol—a one-off sell out concert set up in the city centre park, which was seen as a homecoming).[39]3D was arrested on allegations involving child pornography in 2003, which were reported widely in the media.[40] 3D was soon eliminated as a suspect[41] (although he was charged with ecstasy possession and unable to get a U.S. visa for a while) with Daddy G and fans offering their support. The arrest affected the beginning of the 100th Window tour schedule.3D and Davidge agreed to an offer from director Louis Leterrier to score the entire soundtrack for Danny the Dog, starring Jet Li, in 2005. Dot Allison, who had sung with the band on the 100th Window tour, sang the end title track, "Aftersun". 3D and Davidge also scored the soundtrack for the Bullet Boy film, with 3D on the end title vocals.Daddy G started coming into the studio the same year, although little came of the material. He decided to instead work with a production duo, Robot Club, in another studio, feeling that he would be more free to develop tracks in the way he wanted. Meanwhile, 3D and Davidge recorded with a number of different singers as well as creating a track named "Twilight", for UNKLE's War Stories album. Later that year, Massive Attack decided to release their contractually obliged compilation album Collected in 2006. They released it with a second disc, made up of previously released non-album songs and unreleased sketches.[37]"Weather Underground" / Heligoland (2007–2011)Main article: Heligoland (album)3D and Davidge scored three soundtracks in 2007: In Prison My Whole Life (which featured a track called "Calling Mumia" with vocals by American rapper Snoop Dogg), Battle in Seattle and Trouble the Water.Massive Attack hosted a charity benefit for the Hoping Foundation, a charity for Palestinian children in 2007.[citation needed] The next year, it was announced that Massive Attack were to curate the UK's Southbank Meltdown, a week-long event. It was suggested in interviews that this event would inspire Massive Attack back into action, having spent several years drifting towards the completion of their fifth studio album.[42]Later that year, 3D and Daddy G headed to Damon Albarn's studios for some writing and jamming. Around this time, Davidge scored the soundtrack for a Paul McGuigan film, Push and in December, 3D completed the score for 44 Inch Chest with the Insects and Angelo Badalamenti.Davidge and 3D got back together in 2009 with Daddy G to finish the fifth album, incorporating bits of the Albarn material. Later it was announced that the band were to headline the 2009 Bestival festival,[43] and soon after that they were to tour the UK and Europe. In May, 3D's instrumental "Herculaneum", featured in the film Gomorra, won an Italian award for Best Song. Later that month, 3D and Daddy G picked up a special Ivor Novello award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.[44]Jonny Dollar died of cancer on 29 May 2009 aged 45, survived by his wife and four children. Dollar was the programmer and hands-on producer behind Blue Lines, writing some of the melodies that were the basis for the string arrangements in "Unfinished Sympathy".[45]Their new EP, Splitting the Atom, was announced on 25 August 2009. The other new tracks on the EP were Tunde Adebimpe's "Pray For Rain", Martina Topley-Bird's "Psyche" and Guy Garvey's "Bulletproof Love". The latter two tracks appear as remixes of the album versions.The fifth album was released on 12 November 2009, called Heligoland, after the German archipelago of Heligoland, after a previous project called "Weather Underground" was abandoned.[9] 3D said "I think it's got definitely a more organic feel".[46] The opening track, "Pray For Rain" featured guest vocals of TV on the Radio's Tunde Adebimpe. Damon Albarn, Martina Topley-Bird and Mazzy Star frontwoman Hope Sandoval also provide guest vocals on the album. 3D said in October 2010, to the Spinner website, that his plans were now for "unorthodox" releases of several EPs in 2011, rather than an album.[47]Ritual Spirit EP and working with Tricky again (2013–2019)In a 2013 interview for his first solo art show since 2008, 3D confirmed that not only was new Massive Attack material in the works, but that rumours of a reunion with Tricky were true.[48] Tricky had not been featured on a Massive Attack album since 1994's Protection."The idea is to put a record out next year", he says. "We actually get on really well at the moment because we don't spend time in the studio together", he says with a wry grin. "Me and Tricky wrote some new tracks in Paris last year, which haven't seen the light of day yet – but that was fun. They should be on the next album."— Robert "3D" Del Naja, Metro, 23 May 2013[48]Massive Attack headlined at Secret Solstice, a new music festival in Reykjavík in June 2014.[49] On 21 February 2015, it was confirmed through the Massive Attack Facebook page that they would be collaborating with Run the Jewels.[50][51][52]An iPhone application "Fantom" was released in 2016, developed by a team including 3D, which let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.[citation needed]The group released a new EP on 28 January 2016, Ritual Spirit, which includes the four songs released on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by 3D and new collaborator, Euan Dickinson.It was their first release since the 2011 Four Walls / Paradise Circus collaboration with Burial, and the first time since 1994 that Tricky had been featured on Massive Attack content. Scottish hip-hop group Young Fathers, London rapper Roots Manuva and singer Azekel also featured on the EP.[53]Massive Attack previewed three new songs on 26 July 2016: "Come Near Me", "The Spoils", and "Dear Friend" on the Fantom iPhone application on which they previously previewed the four songs from the Ritual Spirit EP.[54]They released a new EP on 29 July 2016, "The Spoils", which includes "The Spoils" and "Come Near Me", both previewed on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by Daddy G, without 3D's involvement. "The Spoils" features vocals from American singer-songwriter Hope Sandoval, and "Come Near Me" features British vocalist Ghostpoet. A music video for "Come Near Me", directed by Ed Morris, and featuring Kosovan actress Arta Dobroshi, was released the same day as the single.[55] The video for "The Spoils", featuring Cate Blanchett and directed by Australian director John Hillcoat, was released on 9 August 2016.[56]Massive Attack cancelled their appearance at the 2018 Mad Cool festival in Madrid because of sound bleed from Franz Ferdinand on a neighbouring stage. The festival offered several solutions to accommodate the band, but Massive Attack rejected them all.[57]Massive Attack went on tour in 2019 to promote the 20th anniversary rerelease of Mezzanine, billed as "Mezzanine XX1". The American tour dates, originally scheduled for April, were postponed to September due to illness in the band.[58]Eutopia EP and audiovisual releases (2020–present)Massive Attack released a political audiovisual EP in July 2020 called Eutopia.[59] The three-track fusion was created across five cities during the COVID-19 global lockdown period, and was partly formed by generative algorithmic visuals from AI art pioneer Mario Klingemann and collaborations with Algiers, Young Fathers and US poet Saul Williams.[60] The conceptual project, co-written and produced by 3D and documentary filmmaker Mark Donne, featured strong arguments for global system change from UN Paris Climate Agreement author Christiana Figueres, founder of the Universal Basic Income Principle Professor Guy Standing and inventor of the US "Wealth Tax" policy Professor Gabriel Zucman. Each video ends with a quote from Thomas More's Utopia.[61]Massive Attack were scheduled to headline the 2022 edition of the Primavera Sound music festival in Barcelona, Spain, but an unnamed band member's serious illness forced the band to cancel its appearance with the rest of its European tour.[62] Angelo Bruschini, who played guitar on Mezzanine and 100th Window and had toured with the band since 1995, died of lung cancer on 23 October 2023.[63]The group played their first show in five years on 5 June 2024 in Gothenburg, Sweden, joined by guests Elizabeth Fraser, Horace Andy and Young Fathers, who all toured with the band during their European shows that summer.[64] The same line-up played Bristol in August. Billed as a 'Climate Action Accelerator' gig, the group worked with local businesses to reduce the event's environmental impact.[65][66] Around this time, Massive Attack announced their first American tour since 2019; again to feature Fraser, Andy and Young Fathers. However, on 11 October 2024, the group cancelled all the US dates less than a week before. They cited "unforeseen circumstances" as the reason.[67][68]In a December 2024 interview with NME, 3D revealed plans to release new music next year that had been ready since 2020 but was held up by record label disputes. He also said the band rejected an offer to play Coachella 2025 because of its environmental impact.
基本简介
在Trip-Hop音乐界有一个铁三角，即Portishead、Tricky和被公认为是Bristol Hip Hop运动核心的领导人物Massive Attack。到底那是一种什么音乐？Trip-Hop是英伦及欧洲跳舞音乐的一种，因为它发源自英国的Bristol,因此最早时称作"Bristol Hip-Hop"，它的名字来源是" Trip＋Hip－Hop"，于是便称其为Trip-Hop。所谓" Trip"，指迷幻味道的，加上Hip-Hop跳舞的音樂形式，成为节奏稍感轻缓但具有迷幻色彩的音乐形式。所以，Trip-Hop是种慢板的迷幻的、有Jazz感觉的、带有Hip Hop节奏的Breakbeat音乐。Massive Attack的三位成员都颇具个性:年纪最长的Daddy G具有大量的唱片收藏，为乐队的音乐创作提供Sample；而3D则是一名颇有些名气的涂鸦艺术家，曾经展出过自己的画展，自然负责起乐队的写词和美术设计的工作；Mushroom是最少言寡语的一位，负责乐队的音乐制作。素有Trip-Hop Heroes/Trip-Hop Gods之称的同时代最具革命性和影响力的乐队之一Massive Attack。虽然成名于九十年代，但他们的历史可以追溯到1983年，从1987年正式成立到第一张专辑的问世就花了近3年的时间，他们的音乐创作一向以严肃而着称，但听觉上却并不拒人于千里；催眠般的音效、黑暗而性感、将hip-hop节奏、灵歌的旋律、dub和采样以一种电影剪辑的方式融合在一起，流派可以跨越punk、reggae和R&B，这种自由的新兴的形式使他们迅速成为Bristol club中‘不可错过的事件’，而后Trip-Hop潮流中的领军乐队都曾受益于Massive Attack的启示。Massive Attack 的三位成员都颇具个性：年纪最长的 Daddy G 具有大量的唱片收藏，为乐队的音乐创作提供 Sample；而 3D 则是一名颇有些名气的涂鸦艺术家，曾经展出过自己的画展，自然负责起乐队的写词和美术设计的工作；Mushroom 是最少言寡语的一位，负责乐队的音乐制作。在音乐的创作上，他们综合了各个领域的音乐风格及元素，从 Punk 到 Reggae、R&B 都无所不能。
团队历史
处女作《Blue Lines》问世在 Trip - Hop 音乐界有一个铁三角，即 Portishead、Tricky 和被公认为是 Bristol Hip Hop 运动核心的领导人物 Massive Attack。到底那是一种什么音乐？ Trip - Hop 是英伦及欧洲跳舞音乐的一种，因为它发源自英国的 Bristol，因此最早时称作“Bristol Hip - Hop”，它的名字来源是“Trip + Hip － Hop”，于是便称其为 Trip - Hop。所谓“Trip”，指迷幻味道的，加上 Hip - Hop 跳舞的音乐形式，成为节奏稍感轻缓但具有迷幻色彩的音乐形式。所以，Trip - Hop 是种慢板的迷幻的、有 Jazz 感觉的、带有 Hip Hop 节奏的 Breakbeat 音乐。1998年的《Mezzanine》专辑第四张专辑《100th Window》Massive Attack在创作第四张专辑《100th Window》的这段时间，音乐创作理念的分歧，导致Mushroom最终的退出，由于家庭原因Daddy G也暂时的离开，乐队的核心成员只剩下三分之一：3D (Robert del Naja)，与制作人Neil Davidge（曾参与《Mezzanine》制作）合作完成。精选大碟“Collected”2006年03月27日，为 “Danny The Dog”电影原声制作1年后，在07年3月底Massive attack官方宣布他们的精选大碟“Collected”。CD1收集了以往4张中的经典名曲。CD2收录了新曲“Live With Me”和以前未发表的歌曲以及混音。“Collected”中还包含了新拍摄的音乐VIDEO。“Live With Me”邀请到了乡村爵士传奇Terry Callier为其献声，曲目制作单位依然由3D（Robert Del Naja）和担当过“Mezzanine”“100th Window”的制作人Neil Davidge共同来完成。
